Murchison Falls National Park

Discover the Mighty Murchison Falls with Samuwa Adventure Safaris

Murchison Falls National Park, locally known as “Kabalega” National Park, spans 3,840 km² and is Uganda’s largest national park. Named after the spectacular Murchison Falls, where the Nile is forced through a narrow 7-meter gorge into the “Devil’s Cauldron,” the falls create a misty spectacle crowned by a permanent rainbow—a sight you will experience firsthand on your Uganda wildlife safari with Samuwa Adventure Safaris.

Samuel Baker, the famous explorer, called Murchison Falls “the most important object of the entire course of the river” when he named it in 1864. Located just 4–5 hours from Kampala, the park offers rolling plains, forested areas, riverine woodlands, acacia trees, and the breathtaking Victoria Nile pouring into Lake Albert.

Wildlife Highlights

Mammals
Murchison Falls is home to 76 mammal species, including four of the Big Five: buffalo, elephants, lions, and leopards. To complete the Big Five experience, a stop at Ziwa Rhino Sanctuary en route to Murchison Falls offers a chance to see rhinos. On safari with Samuwa Adventure Safaris, you may also spot giraffes, Uganda kobs, bushbucks, waterbucks, warthogs, and primates like baboons, chimpanzees, and various monkeys.

Birds
With over 450 bird species, Murchison Falls is a birdwatcher’s paradise. From elusive shoebills to Goliath herons and papyrus gonoleks, the park’s varied habitats—from forests and wetlands to savannahs—provide endless birdwatching opportunities. Boat safaris on the Victoria Nile or nature walks through Kaniyo Pabidi and Budongo Forest offer unforgettable birding experiences.

Must-See Attractions

The Falls & the Nile
Experience the full power of the Nile at Murchison Falls. Hike to the top for a panoramic view, take a boat cruise beneath the falls, or explore the river towards the delta to spot wildlife and rare birds. The roaring falls and permanent rainbow make this an unforgettable highlight of any Uganda safari.

Karuma Falls
Just an hour’s drive from Gulu, Karuma Falls impresses with its dramatic rock formations and powerful Nile waters. Rich in wildlife and birdlife, the area offers spectacular safari photography opportunities.

Paraa & Kaniyo Pabidi Forest
Paraa serves as the park’s hub for hippos and safari activities, while Kaniyo Pabidi Forest is perfect for chimpanzee trekking, primate viewing, and birdwatching.

Safari Experiences with Samuwa Adventure Safaris

• Game Drives: Explore savannah and woodland areas in open-roof vehicles with expert guides. Spot elephants, lions, buffaloes, giraffes, leopards, and more.
• Boat Safaris: Cruise the Victoria Nile to see hippos, crocodiles, and waterbirds, with options for private trips.
• Chimpanzee Trekking: Track chimpanzees in Budongo Forest, spending up to an hour observing their behavior.
• Birdwatching & Nature Walks: Explore forests, wetlands, and savannahs with guided walks to spot rare birds and primates.
• Sport Fishing: Try your hand at Nile perch fishing with prior permits and equipment.

Community & Cultural Experiences

Engage with local communities like the Boomu Women’s Group. Learn about traditional crafts, cooking, farming, and daily life while supporting community tourism initiatives.

How to Get There

By Road: About 5 hours from Kampala (305 km). Access Paraa via Masindi, Chobe Gate, or Karuma Falls.

By Air: Charter flights land at Pakuba (19 km from Paraa) or Bugungu (13 km from Paraa).

Accommodation Options

Luxury & Mid-Range: Paraa Safari Lodge, Sambiya Safari Lodge, Nile Safari Lodge
Budget: Red Chilli Rest Camp, Bandas, Kaniyo Pabidi Camp, Masindi Hotel, Court View Hotel

Each lodge offers comfortable rooms, restaurants with local and international cuisine, swimming pools, and safari activity arrangements.

Kidepo Valley National Park

Kidepo Valley National Park is one of Uganda’s most spectacular and remote parks, located in the northeastern corner of the country, bordering Kenya and South Sudan. Covering 1,442 km² and ranging in altitude from 914m to 2,750m, Kidepo offers landscapes unlike any other in East Africa—making it a must-visit destination for Uganda wildlife safaris and cultural photo tours with Samuwa Adventure Safaris. The park experiences a semi-arid climate with one rainy season from April to September.

Two seasonal rivers, the Narus and Kidepo, flow through the park. In the dry season, they leave behind white sandy riverbeds framed by Borassus palms—a perfect setting for unique safari photo opportunities. During the rainy season, these rivers come alive, transforming the landscape dramatically.

Wildlife Highlights

Mammals
Kidepo Valley is home to 77 mammal species, including elephants, Rothschild’s giraffes, Burchell’s zebras, oribi, klipspringer, eland, hartebeest, lions, hyenas, cheetahs, leopards, and Africa’s largest single herd of Cape buffalo. Some species, like cheetahs and eland, are rarely found in other Ugandan parks. On occasion, visitors may also spot white-eared kobs from South Sudan.

Birds
With 465 bird species, Kidepo is a birdwatcher’s paradise. Key species include ostriches, secretary birds, kori bustards, pygmy falcons, and the Karamoja apalis. The park is particularly notable for its 58 species of raptors, including the Verreaux’s eagle and Egyptian vulture, with 14 species endemic to Kidepo and the Karamoja region.

Safari Experiences

Game Drives
Explore Narus Valley and other plains on morning or evening game drives. Watch wildlife congregate near seasonal water sources and enjoy panoramic views from Katurum kopje or Lamoj Hills.

Birdwatching
Birding highlights include the Apoka Rest Camp area, where waterholes attract swallows, seedeaters, and the occasional elephant, buffalo, or lion. Tracks and valleys throughout the park offer chances to spot francolins, turacos, rollers, hoopoes, and waxbills.

Nature & Hiking Walks
Hike Lamoj Mountains (approx. 4 hours) or enjoy shorter 2-hour nature walks along Narus Valley. Trails take you through savannahs, hills, and valleys, offering immersive experiences in Kidepo’s landscapes.

Cultural & Community Experiences
Meet the Karamoja and Ik tribes, Uganda’s most remote ethnic groups. Visit Ik homesteads on Morungole Mountain, explore Karamojong villages, and witness traditional lifestyles, crafts, and ceremonies. Experiences support local development, including schools and clinics.

How to Access Kidepo

By Road: From Kampala via routes through Jinja, Mbale, Soroti, Moroto, or via Gulu and Kitgum.
By Air: Scheduled or chartered flights from Entebbe to Kidepo make access faster and more convenient.

Accommodation Options

Within the Park

• Apoka Lodge: Luxury rooms with private verandas, sitting areas, restaurant, and swimming pool.
• Apoka Rest Camp: Comfortable bandas with bedding and mosquito nets. Meals can be arranged.
• Nga’Moru Wilderness Camp: Safari tents and cabanas with en-suite facilities, perched on a hill with panoramic views of Narus Valley. Hyenas, elephants, zebras, and lions often visit the camp.

Safety Note: Visitors are advised to be escorted by ranger guides when exploring Kidepo, due to occasional poaching and cattle-rustling activities.

Queen Elizabeth National Park

Discover Uganda’s Most Popular Wildlife Safari Destination with Samuwa Adventure Safaris

Queen Elizabeth National Park (QENP) is Uganda’s most visited and diverse game reserve, located in the Western part of the country. Established in 1952 and named after Queen Elizabeth II, the park stretches from the crater-dotted foothills of the Rwenzori Mountains along Lake Edward to the remote Ishasha River in the south. Its varied landscapes—from savannahs and wetlands to gallery and lowland forests—make it one of the most attractive destinations for Uganda wildlife safaris and cultural photo tours with Samuwa Adventure Safaris.

The park is home to over 611 recorded bird species, with the Kazinga Channel considered the world’s largest hippo congregation. A boat cruise along the Kazinga Channel provides a unique opportunity to see thousands of hippos and a wide variety of birds in their natural habitat.

Wildlife in Queen Elizabeth National Park

Mammals
QENP hosts more than 95 mammal species, including four of the “Big Five”: elephants, leopards, lions, and buffaloes. Other notable wildlife includes Uganda kobs, topis, bushbucks, warthogs, banded mongooses, chimpanzees, and the famous tree-climbing lions in Ishasha. Large populations of hippos inhabit the Kazinga Channel and lakes within the park.

Birds
With over 600 bird species, QENP is a paradise for birdwatchers. Its habitats range from savannahs and crater lakes to forests and wetlands. Key birding areas include Kasenyi Plains, Mweya Peninsula, Maramagambo Forest, Kyambura Gorge, and the Kazinga Channel. Notable species include African mourning dove, swamp flycatcher, grey-headed kingfisher, pin-tailed whydah, slender-tailed nightjar, collared pratincole, and flamingos at Lake Katwe and Lake Bunyampaka.

Safari Activities

Game Drives
Morning and evening game drives provide the best wildlife viewing opportunities. Explore Kasenyi Plains for Uganda kobs and big cats, or drive along the Ishasha sector for the tree-climbing lions. Safari vehicles are custom-made with open roofs and window seats for the ultimate wildlife viewing experience.

Boat Safaris on Kazinga Channel
Cruise the Kazinga Channel, connecting Lake Edward and Lake George, for excellent wildlife and bird viewing. Expect to see hippos, elephants, buffaloes, crocodiles, monitor lizards, waterbucks, and a myriad of bird species. Private or shared boat options are available for morning and afternoon trips.

Chimpanzee Tracking in Kyambura Gorge
Kyambura Gorge, an “underground” forest 100m below the Kichwamba escarpment, hosts ten primate species, including chimpanzees. Trekking through the gorge provides an unforgettable experience of Uganda’s rainforest biodiversity.

Birdwatching & Nature Walks
Guided walks in Mweya Peninsula, Ishasha River, Maramagambo Forest, and along crater lakes allow visitors to observe birds, primates, and other wildlife up close. Explore the Maramagambo Forest bat cave, enjoy scenic views across the Kazinga Channel, or hike the Ishasha River trail to view hippos safely.

Cultural & Community Experiences
Engage with local communities and learn about traditional lifestyles. Visit Kikorongo Women’s Community Project for cultural performances, basket weaving, and music, or explore the Nyanzi’ibiri Cave Community for historical sites, local cuisine, and nature experiences. Agro-tourism projects in the Kichwamba escarpment offer insight into local farming methods and human-wildlife coexistence.

Crater Lakes & Salt Mining
Discover the numerous crater lakes, including Lake Katwe and Lake Bunyampaka, where flamingos gather and salt mining occurs. Enjoy spectacular crater drives and sunset views over Lake Edward with the Rwenzori Mountains as a backdrop.

Best Time to Visit

• Dry Season: June to September is ideal for wildlife viewing; January to February is also good. Expect occasional afternoon thunderstorms.
• Rainy Season: October to December and March to May may make some roads impassable, but the park remains lush and scenic.

How to Access Queen Elizabeth National Park

• By Road: From Kampala, approximately 420 km (206 miles).
• By Air: Light aircraft can land at Mweya Lodge or Kasese town.

Accommodation Options

• Mweya Safari Lodge – central park location, luxury amenities.
• Ihamba Lakeside Safaris Lodge – serene lakeside views.
• Katara Lodge – budget-friendly accommodation.
• Kasenyi Safari Camp – near prime game viewing areas.
• Kyambura Gorge Lodge – close to chimpanzee tracking sites.
• Twin Lakes Safari Lodge – luxury and comfort.
• Elephant Hub Lodge – ideal for wildlife lovers.
• Ishasha Area: Ishasha Wilderness Camp, Ishasha Jungle Lodge, Enjojo Lodge.

Samuwa Adventure Safaris offers tailored packages to Queen Elizabeth National Park, combining wildlife safaris, birdwatching, cultural experiences, and scenic adventures.

Bwindi Impenetrable Forest National Park

Uganda Gorilla Trekking with Samuwa Adventure Safaris

Bwindi Impenetrable Forest National Park is one of Uganda’s most iconic safari destinations and a prime location for gorilla trekking adventures. Located in southwestern Uganda, Bwindi is aptly named “impenetrable” due to its dense vegetation, steep valleys, and forested ridges. Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994, Bwindi is home to half of the world’s remaining mountain gorillas as well as an incredible diversity of flora and fauna.

The forest spans 321 km², featuring bamboo, shrubs, and the rugged hills of the Virunga Mountains bordering Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The park’s altitude ranges from 1,160m to 2,607m, giving it a cool, misty climate. Trekking through Bwindi provides an immersive jungle experience with sunlight filtering through thick canopies, creating a sense of paradise free from urban pollution.

Gorilla Families and Trekking

Bwindi is divided into trailheads, each associated with habituated gorilla families for tourism. Currently, 20 gorilla families are habituated, with main trailheads at Buhoma, Ruhija, Rushaga, and Nkuringo. Trekking is strictly limited to 8 visitors per gorilla family per day to protect these gentle giants.

Visitors should:

• Be physically fit for trekking steep, slippery terrain.
• Wear long-sleeved clothing and sturdy boots.
• Carry rain gear, water, snacks, and a camera.
• Follow park guidelines: stay at least 8 meters from gorillas, avoid direct eye contact, and refrain from flash photography.

Wildlife in Bwindi Impenetrable Forest

Mammals:
Bwindi is home to approximately 120 mammal species, including elephants, buffaloes, duikers, golden cats, bush pigs, giant forest hogs, clawless otters, and side-striped jackals. Primates include chimpanzees, baboons, black-and-white colobus monkeys, L’Hoest’s monkeys, red-tailed monkeys, blue monkeys, and potto, in addition to the mountain gorillas.

Birds:
Bwindi hosts around 350 bird species, making it Africa’s top birdwatching destination. The park is home to 23 Albertine Rift endemics, 14 of which are found nowhere else in Uganda. Notable species include Grauer’s broadbill, Chapin’s flycatcher, Shelley’s crimson-wing, collared and mountain-masked apalis, white-bellied robin-chat, Fraser’s eagle, and regal sunbirds. Popular birding areas include Mubwindi Swamp (Ruhija), The Neck, and Buhoma Waterfall Trail.

Butterflies and Amphibians:
Bwindi has over 200 butterfly species, including eight Albertine Rift endemics, and 27 amphibian species, with 11 endemic to the Rift. Additionally, the forest hosts 14 lizard and 14 snake species.

Activities in Bwindi Impenetrable Forest

Gorilla Trekking:
The park’s main attraction is trekking the mountain gorillas. Safaris can be organized through Samuwa Adventure Safaris, which helps secure permits. Trekking typically lasts several hours, depending on the gorillas’ location.

Birdwatching:
Bwindi is Africa’s number one birding destination. Guided birding safaris take visitors along forest trails such as the waterfall trail, offering exceptional photographic opportunities.

Nature & Waterfall Walks:
Explore forest trails leading to waterfalls and rivers. Popular walks include:

• Buhoma – Nkuringo Trail (4–5 hours)
• Rushura Hill Walk (forest shared between Congo and Uganda)
• Muyanga Waterfall Walk
• Ivi River Walk (14 km, ~7 hours)
• Muzubijiro Loop (6 km, wildlife and bird encounters)

Mountain Hiking & Biking:
The Kigezi region offers beautiful mountainous scenery. Many lodges provide bicycles for local trails, including the Ivi River Trail organized by local community projects.

Community & Cultural Experiences:
Experience the traditions of communities surrounding Bwindi, including the Batwa people, who have lived in harmony with the forest for generations. Activities include:

• Buniga Forest Nature Walk (Nkuringo)
• Nyundo Community Eco Trails
• King Bakyara’s Waterfall Trail
• Aquaponics project tours with Conservation Through Public Health (CTPH)
• Buhoma community tours featuring handcrafts, traditional healing, and local food preparation

How to Access Bwindi Impenetrable Forest

By Air:

• Scheduled or chartered flights from Entebbe International Airport to Kihihi (Buhoma) or Kisoro Airstrip (Ruhija, Nkuringo, Rushaga)
• Flights also available from Kajjansi Airfield (between Kampala and Entebbe)

By Road:

• Buhoma Trailhead: Kampala – Kabale – Ruhija
• Ruhija/Nkuringo/Rushaga: Kampala – Ntungamo – Rukungiri – Kihihi/Buhoma or Kampala – Kabale – Kisoro

Where to Stay in Bwindi Impenetrable Forest

Ruhija Sector:

• Bakiga Lodge
• Broadbill Forest Camp
• Agandi Lodge

Rushaga Sector:

• Chameleon Hill
• Bwindi Jungle Lodge
• Ichumbi Gorilla Lodge
• Rushaga Gorilla Camp
• Gorilla Valley Lodge

Nkuringo Sector:

• Clouds Mountain Gorilla Lodge
• Nkuringo Safari Lodge

Buhoma Sector:

• Buhoma Lodge
• Bwindi Lodge
• Sanctuary Gorilla Forest Lodge
• Mahogany Springs
• Buhoma Haven Lodge
• Silverback Lodge
• Buhoma Community Rest Camp

Samuwa Adventure Safaris offers tailor-made gorilla trekking safaris, birding tours, hiking adventures, and cultural experiences in Bwindi, ensuring a safe, unforgettable, and fully immersive jungle experience.

Mgahinga Gorilla National Park

Uganda Gorilla Trekking & Cultural Safari with Samuwa Adventure Safaris

Mgahinga Gorilla National Park is Uganda’s smallest national park, yet it offers some of the most spectacular scenery and unique wildlife experiences. Situated at an altitude between 7,000 and 13,000 feet, the park features three conical extinct volcanoes, part of the majestic Virunga Range, which stretches across Uganda, Rwanda, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. This range forms part of the Virunga Conservation Area, a key biodiversity hotspot in East Africa.

Wildlife in Mgahinga Gorilla National Park

Mountain Gorillas & Golden Monkeys:
Mgahinga is home to rare mountain gorillas and endangered golden monkeys. While gorilla trekking is possible, the smaller number of habituated gorilla groups and their ability to move across borders make sightings less predictable than in Bwindi. However, trekking here offers a more intimate, crowd-free gorilla experience.

Other Wildlife:
The park also supports a variety of primates, birds, and small mammals. Its montane forests, bamboo zones, and open grasslands provide habitats for species rarely seen elsewhere in Uganda.

Birds:
Mgahinga is a haven for birdwatchers, with a variety of Albertine Rift endemics and forest birds, making it an excellent destination for Uganda birding safaris.

Cultural Significance

The park is deeply linked to the Batwa pygmies, Uganda’s indigenous hunter-gatherer community. The Batwa were the original forest dwellers and retain unique knowledge of the forest, its wildlife, and medicinal plants. Visiting their communities offers cultural immersion, storytelling, and insights into sustainable forest living.

Activities in Mgahinga Gorilla National Park

• Gorilla Trekking: Track habituated gorilla families under the guidance of experienced rangers. Permits are limited to ensure sustainable tourism.
• Golden Monkey Trekking: Mgahinga is the only park in Uganda where you can trek golden monkeys in the wild.
• Hiking & Volcano Climbing: Explore the three volcanoes—Mount Muhavura, Mount Sabinyo, and Mount Gahinga—with breathtaking panoramic views over the Virunga Range.
• Birdwatching: Enjoy guided birding tours in forested and montane zones.
• Cultural Visits: Engage with the Batwa community to learn about their traditions, crafts, and forest knowledge.

How to Access Mgahinga Gorilla National Park

• By Road: Drive from Kampala via Kabale (~8–10 hours) to Kisoro town, then continue to the park.
• By Air: Charter flights to Kisoro Airstrip provide quick access for those on shorter itineraries or combined safari packages.

Where to Stay

• Mihingo Lodge: A luxury lodge with panoramic views of the Virunga volcanoes.
• Lake Kitandara Bandas: Rustic, eco-friendly accommodations near the lakeshore.
• Virunga Lodge: Comfortable lodge close to the park entrance, ideal for gorilla trekking excursions.
• Bwindi Community Campsites & Lodges: For travelers combining visits to Bwindi and Mgahinga.

Samuwa Adventure Safaris offers tailored packages combining gorilla trekking, golden monkey trekking, hiking, birding, and cultural experiences, ensuring an unforgettable, immersive safari adventure in Mgahinga Gorilla National Park.

Kibale Forest National Park

Kibale Forest National Park is often called the primates’ capital of East Africa, covering about 795 km² of lush tropical rainforest in western Uganda. Known for its rich biodiversity and scenic beauty, Kibale offers one of Uganda’s most rewarding wildlife experiences, particularly for chimpanzee trekking and primate encounters.

Wildlife in Kibale Forest National Park

Chimpanzees & Other Primates:
Kibale is home to over 1,450 chimpanzees and 13 primate species, including black-and-white colobus monkeys, red-tailed monkeys, grey-cheeked mangabeys, L’Hoest’s monkeys, olive baboons, blue monkeys, vervet monkeys, bush babies, and potto. Chimpanzees have been habituated for over 26 years, allowing visitors to observe these intelligent great apes in their natural habitat. Children under 15 are not permitted for chimpanzee trekking, but can experience chimpanzee encounters at Ngamba Island Chimpanzee Sanctuary on Lake Victoria.

Other Wildlife:
The park also hosts forest elephants, forest buffaloes, leopards, duikers, golden cats, warthogs, and bush pigs. These animals are generally shy, so while sightings are not guaranteed, visitors may notice tracks and other signs of their presence.

Birds:
Kibale is a birdwatcher’s paradise, home to over 375 bird species, including six Albertine Rift endemics. Notable birds include the Green-breasted Pitta, Grey-throated Flycatcher, Blue-shouldered Robin-Chat, Yellow-spotted Barbet, Black-billed Turaco, White-naped Pigeon, and many more. Birding safaris are best in the early morning or late evening.

Butterflies & Amphibians:
Kibale hosts over 250 butterfly species, alongside various reptiles and amphibians, adding to the forest’s vibrant biodiversity.

Activities in Kibale Forest National Park

1. Chimpanzee Trekking:
   Trek with experienced guides from Kanyanchu Visitors Centre or Sebitoli Forest to track chimpanzees. Morning treks are recommended to maximize wildlife sightings. Trekking groups are limited to 6 people per group, ensuring a quality experience. Visitors are briefed on rules, including maintaining an 8-meter distance, avoiding flash photography, and carrying only essentials like binoculars, rain gear, long-sleeved clothing, water, and snacks.
2. Chimpanzee Habituation Experience:
   For a rare opportunity, join park researchers to habituate chimpanzees, witnessing their daily activities including feeding, nesting, patrolling, and social interactions. This immersive experience is offered during the low season months of March, April, May, and November.
3. Birdwatching:
   Early morning bird walks allow you to spot Albertine Rift endemics and other unique species in the forest and surrounding wetlands.
4. Nature & Hiking Walks:
   Guided hikes through Kibale’s forest trails and crater landscapes allow visitors to encounter primates, forest wildlife, and spectacular scenery. Night walks are available to observe nocturnal species like bush babies, potto, and hyrax.
5. Community Walks & Cultural Experiences:
   The Bigodi Wetland Sanctuary is a community-led conservation project that protects primates, birds, and the wetland ecosystem. Visitors can engage with local communities, visit women’s craft projects, enjoy traditional meals, and learn about sustainable livelihoods. The sanctuary also supports local schools and infrastructure, benefiting the surrounding villages.

How to Access Kibale Forest National Park

• By Road:
  • From Kampala via Mubende and Fort Portal (~300 km).
  • From Mbarara via Kamwenge (~270 km).
• By Air:
  • Scheduled or charter flights to Kasese Airstrip, then a 1-hour drive to the park.
• Local Transport:
  • Daily buses run from Kampala to Fort Portal via Sebitoli or Kanyanchu.

Where to Stay in Kibale National Park

In-Park Lodges:

• Primate Lodge Kibale: Eco-luxury lodge in Kanyanchu with safari tents, forest cottages, and a Sky Tree House. Features a restaurant, bar, lounge, and cultural fire performances.

Other Lodges Around Kibale:

• Fort Portal Area: Kyaninga Lodge, Mountains of the Moon Hotel, Rwenzori View Guesthouse, The Duchess.
• Northern Sector: Papaya Safari Lodge, Ndali Lodge.
• Southern Sector: Turaco Treetops, Chimpanzee Guesthouse, Kibale Forest Camp, Isunga Lodge.

Activities at Lodges:

• Chimpanzee tracking, bird watching, nature hikes, community walks, crater lake tours, cultural experiences, and Rwenzori mountain hikes.

Lake Mburo National Park

Lake Mburo National Park is a hidden gem in Uganda, conveniently located as a stopover between Entebbe or Kampala and Bwindi Impenetrable National Park for gorilla trekking, or on the way to Queen Elizabeth National Park for a full wildlife safari. Though smaller than some of Uganda’s other parks, Lake Mburo offers a stunning mix of rolling hills, rocky outcrops, open and wooded savannas, lush forests, lakes, and natural swamps – all supporting a rich variety of wildlife.

Wildlife in Lake Mburo National Park

Mammals:
Lake Mburo is the only park in southern Uganda where you can see zebra, along with a variety of antelope species including impala, bushbuck, eland, and sitatunga. Hippos and crocodiles are common in the park’s lakes, and while big cats such as leopards and lions are present, they are often elusive.

Birdlife:
Lake Mburo is home to a rich diversity of birds, making it a fantastic stop for bird watchers. The park’s combination of savanna, wetlands, and forests attracts both resident and migratory species.

Activities in Lake Mburo National Park

1. Boat Safaris:
   Take a motorboat trip on Lake Mburo to view hippos, crocodiles, water birds, and enjoy the serene lake scenery. This is a highlight for visitors seeking close encounters with wildlife in a unique setting.
2. Game Drives:
   Guided game drives allow you to explore the park’s rolling savannas, spotting zebras, antelopes, and other wildlife in their natural habitat.
3. Guided Nature Walks:
   Lake Mburo offers walking safaris led by experienced guides, providing a more intimate experience of the park’s flora and fauna. You may encounter zebras grazing, birds, and smaller mammals up close.
4. Horseback Safaris:
   One of Uganda’s unique safari experiences, horseback riding allows you to cover more ground while getting closer to wildlife, offering a perspective unlike traditional game drives.
5. Cultural Experiences:
   Visit the Ankole Cultural Centre to learn about the traditional culture of the region, the Ankole way of life, and their long-standing traditions, including cattle keeping.

Why Visit Lake Mburo National Park?

• Accessible stopover between major safari destinations.
• Unique opportunity to see zebra in southern Uganda.
• Diverse landscapes: savanna, forests, lakes, and wetlands.
• Wide range of activities: boat rides, game drives, walking safaris, horseback rides, and cultural visits.

Mount Elgon National Park

Uganda Mountain Safari & Adventure Tours

Mount Elgon National Park is a UNESCO Man and Biosphere Reserve located along the border of Uganda and Kenya. Covering an area of 494 square miles, most of the park (430 sq. miles) lies in Uganda. The park was upgraded from a forest reserve to a national park in 1992 and is named after Mount Elgon, an extinct volcano that erupted over 24 million years ago. Mount Elgon is the highest volcanic mountain in East Africa and the 8th highest in Africa, featuring the world’s largest volcanic caldera – approximately 60 km long and 40 km wide.

The fertile slopes of Mount Elgon host diverse vegetation across different altitudes: montane forests at lower levels, bamboo forests at higher elevations, and alpine moorlands near the summit. The park boasts over 400 plant species, 143 bird species, and half of Uganda’s butterflies, including the endangered Maathai’s Longleg Dragonfly. Mammals include elephants, buffaloes, black-and-white colobus monkeys, blue monkeys, red-tailed monkeys, spotted hyenas, oribi, defassa waterbuck, bushbucks, and other small antelopes.

Cultural Heritage

The park is home to the Sabiny and Bagisu tribes, who rely on subsistence farming. The Bagisu are renowned for Arabica coffee cultivation, which thrives on the fertile lower slopes. Cultural experiences in the area include traditional dances, storytelling, and learning about the unique Bagisu male circumcision rituals (August–December). Visitors can also explore the Budadiri Cultural Walk, where they can participate in local cooking demonstrations, including tasting bamboo shoots (malewa).

How to Reach Mount Elgon National Park

• By Road: From Kampala or Entebbe, it is approximately 230 km to Mbale town, taking 4–5 hours via Jinja and Iganga. Roads are mostly tarmac, though traffic jams may occur. From Mbale, travelers drive to the park offices or starting points for hiking, such as Budadiri.
• By Air: Chartered flights are available from Entebbe International Airport to Soroti Airfield, followed by a 1-hour road transfer to Mbale or Kapchorwa.

Activities in Mount Elgon National Park

1. Mountain Climbing:
   Mount Elgon climbing is less strenuous than the Rwenzoris and suitable for most adventurers. Trails include:

• Salsa Trail (Buddukiro): 4-day steep climb from Mbale, passing through dense bamboo forests.
• Pisa Trail (Kapkwata): Longest trail (7 days), moderate slopes, great for wildlife and bird spotting.
• Sipi Trail: 4–6 days, ideal for scenic views and descending via Salsa Trail for a full experience.

2. Cave Exploration:
   Short day hikes allow visitors to explore Chepnyali, Mackingeny, Kitum, Khauka, Kapkwai, and Nyero Rock Painting Caves, rich in history, ancient art, and wildlife.
3. Bird Watching:
   Mount Elgon is a prime destination for birding with endemic species such as Jackson’s Francolin, African Blue Flycatcher, Doherty’s Bush-Shrike, Hartlaub’s Turaco, and Tacazze Sunbird. Birding walks are organized near forest trails, waterfalls, and exploration centers.
4. Nature Walks & Hiking:
   The park offers 3–7 km day hikes at the Forest Exploration Centre near Sipi Falls. Walks reveal montane forests, alpine moorlands, waterfalls, ridges, valleys, and primates like black-and-white colobus monkeys.
5. Game Drives & Wildlife Viewing:
   See elephants, buffaloes, hyenas, duikers, and a variety of primates. Wildlife drives are guided to maximize sightings.
6. Waterfalls & Adventure Activities:

• Sipi Falls: Popular for sightseeing, photography, abseiling, and trout fishing.
• Other waterfalls include Bulago, Chebonet, Sisyi, and Wanale.
• Adventure activities: abseiling, rock climbing, mountain biking, sport fishing.

7. Coffee Tours:
   Discover Bugisu Arabica coffee farming from planting to processing with local guides. Tours are available near Sipi Falls or Budadiri processing centers.
8. Cultural & Community Experiences:
   Visit the Abuyudaya Jewish community, interact with local artisans, and experience cultural storytelling and traditional dances.

Safety & Planning Tips

• Altitude-related sickness may affect first-time climbers; move with trained rangers and porters.
• Best visiting months: Dry seasons (June–August & December–March), though activities continue year-round.
• Essential packing: hiking shoes, rain gear, warm clothes, gloves, hat, sleeping bag, tent, first aid kit, food, and water.

Accommodation

Options range from luxury lodges, mid-range hotels, to budget guesthouses in Mbale town, Kapchorwa, and Sipi Falls. Camping sites are available along climbing trails, with basic facilities.

MOUNTAIN RWENZORI NATIONAL PARK

Location and Overview
Mountain Rwenzori National Park is located in southwestern Uganda along the border with the Democratic Republic of Congo, neighboring Virunga National Park. Covering an area of 386 square miles, it spans the districts of Kabarole, Bundibugyo, and Kasese. Recognized for its breathtaking landscapes, rare plants, lakes, rivers, waterfalls, hot springs, glaciers, and mountains, the park was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994.

Rwenzori Mountain Ranges
The park’s main feature is the Rwenzori Mountain ranges, the highest non-volcanic mountains in Africa. Key peaks include:

• Mount Stanley (Margherita Peak) – 16,762 ft, the third highest in Africa
• Mount Speke – fourth highest
• Mount Baker – fifth highest
  Other notable peaks: Mount Gessi, Mount Luigi da Savoia, and Mount Emin Pasha.

Formation
Unlike Mount Kilimanjaro, which is volcanic, the Rwenzori Mountains were formed through tectonic uplift along the East African Rift Valley.

Historical Significance
The mountains were mentioned by Claudius Ptolemy around 300 AD as “the Mountains of the Moon,” believed to be the source of the Nile. British explorer Henry Morton Stanley confirmed this in 1888, naming the range Rwenzori from local terminology. The first notable hiker, Prince Luigi Amedeo, Duke of Abruzzi, explored the mountains in 1906, discovering its lakes, forests, and snowcapped peaks.

Wildlife and Plants

Rwenzori Mountains National Park is rich in biodiversity:

Mammals: Black-and-white colobus monkeys, blue monkeys, buffalo, bushbuck, chimpanzees, golden cats, giant forest hogs, red duiker, forest elephants, rock hyrax, Rwenzori otters, Sitatunga, mongooses, leopards, and L’Hoest’s monkeys.

Birds & Butterflies: Over 217 bird species and 15 butterfly species. Key birds include African Long-eared Owl, Archers’ Robin-chat, Rwenzori Turaco, and the Slender-billed Starling.

Reptiles: The rare three-horned chameleon is a highlight.

Plants: Unique alpine vegetation thrives due to the combination of sun, cold, and heavy rainfall.

Management

The park is managed by the Uganda Wildlife Authority. Challenges include:

• Community encroachment due to population pressure
• Illegal logging
• Global warming, affecting snow cover on peaks

Local communities at the foothills, mainly the Bamba and Bakonjo, practice terraced farming and animal husbandry. Conservation efforts are supported by local and international organizations.

Activities at Rwenzori Mountains National Park

1. Mountain Climbing

Climbing the Rwenzori Mountains is a world-class experience. Two main trails lead to the peaks:

• Central Circuit Trail (Mihunga) – 7 days
• Kilembe Trail (near Kasese) – 5 days
  A full exploration of the three highest peaks requires 9 days. Climbers encounter snowcapped peaks, alpine vegetation, lakes, rivers, and sweeping views of surrounding farmlands, Queen Elizabeth National Park, and the Virunga ranges.

Note: Climbing requires good physical fitness and preparation for altitude-related challenges.

2. Forest & Foothill Hiking

For less experienced hikers, the park offers forest trails, streams for hand fishing, and wildlife spotting, including the three-horned chameleon.

3. Birdwatching

Rwenzori is a UNESCO Key Birding Area, attracting bird enthusiasts to observe species like golden-winged sunbirds, red-faced crimsonwing, and Rwenzori Batis.

4. Cultural Experiences

Visitors can explore the lives of the Bakonzo tribe:

• Visit Ruboni village for traditional dances and storytelling
• Walk the Bulemba-Ihandiro Cultural Trail, visiting blacksmiths, traditional healers, and the Bakonzo Museum
• Witness the annual pilgrimage on 2nd September honoring King Isaiah Kibanzanga Mukirania

5. Nature Walks

Community groups organize scenic nature walks along forest trails, around Lake Mahooma, and the chimpanzee forest of Buraro.

How to Reach Rwenzori Mountains National Park

• By Road: Kampala/Entebbe to Kasese – 5–6 hours (4WD recommended)
• By Air: Chartered flight from Entebbe/Kajjansi to Kasese – 1.5 hours
  Tour operators like Nungi Safaris can handle transportation, accommodation, guides, and logistics.

What to Pack

• Warm clothing, waterproof gear, hiking boots
• Sleeping bags, crampons, harness, walking sticks
• Camera, sunglasses, personal stove if cooking
• Adequate water and altitude sickness supplies

Tip: Avoid hiking in heavy rain seasons (March–June & September–October).

Accommodation

• Lodges and hotels in Kasese and near Queen Elizabeth National Park
• Mountain camps provide basic shelter during climbs

Rwenzori Mountains National Park is Uganda’s hidden gem, offering unmatched mountain adventures, wildlife encounters, birdwatching, and rich cultural experiences.

SEMULIKI NATIONAL PARK

Location and Overview
Semuliki National Park is located in western Uganda, in Bundibugyo District, along the border with the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is bordered by Lake Albert to the north and the Rwenzori Mountains National Park to the southeast, with the Lamia and Semuliki rivers forming parts of its boundaries. The park lies on relatively flat land, making it prone to flooding during the wet season.

Established as a forest reserve in 1932 and upgraded to a national park in 1993 to curb deforestation, Semuliki is often confused with the adjacent Semliki Wildlife Reserve. Its forests are an extension of the Ituri Forest in DR Congo, giving it unique Central African flora and fauna unlike any other park in Uganda, Kenya, or Tanzania.

Wildlife and Plants

Birds: Semuliki is a top birdwatching destination in Uganda with over 410 species, 67% of which are forest birds. Highlights include:

• Blue-headed Crested Flycatcher, Capuchin Babbler, Dwarf Honeyguide, Forest Ground Thrush, Orange Weaver, Purple-breasted Sunbird, Sassi’s Olive Greenbul, White-tailed Hornbill.
• Central African species: Black-wattled Hornbill, Congo Serpent Eagle, Long-tailed Hawk, Lyre-tailed Honeyguide, Nkulengu Rail.

Mammals: Over 60 species, including bay duiker, Beecroft’s Anomalure, flying squirrels, bush babies, elephants, pygmy hippos, leopards, mona monkeys, Sitatunga, water bucks, warthogs, Uganda Kob, and more.

Primates: 8 species, including blue monkeys, chimpanzees, De Brazza’s monkeys, Guereza colobus, vervet monkeys, olive baboons, and nocturnal species like galagos and pattos.

Butterflies: Around 300 species, including charaxes and forest swallowtails.

The park’s biodiversity is threatened by human encroachment, hunting, and collection of firewood and herbs. Local tribes include the Bamba, Bakonjo, Batuku (pastoralists), and Basua (forest pygmies), the latter facing risks of cultural and social displacement.

Tourist Activities

1. Sempaya Hot Springs

The park features male (Bintente) and female (Nyasimbi) hot springs, famous for their steaming geysers and local legends. Water is hot enough to boil eggs in 10 minutes. Visitors can observe the springs from a boardwalk and tower, spotting birds and primates along the way. Cultural performances by local tribes enhance the experience.

2. Semuliki River

The 160 km Semuliki River, a tributary of the Nile, hosts crocodiles, hippos, and hundreds of bird species. Visitors can enjoy scenic walks along the riverbanks.

3. Forest and Nature Walks

Three main trails:

• Sempaya Nature Trail – 8 km
• Red-Monkey Track – 11 km
• Kirumia Hiking Trail – 13 km

Forest walks offer sightings of primates, birds, butterflies, and unique vegetation. Visitors should carry basic equipment, including machetes and camping gear if staying overnight.

4. Game Drives

The park supports 52 mammal species and offers day and night game drives. A reliable 4WD vehicle is recommended, especially during the rainy season.

5. Cultural Experiences

Visitors can interact with local tribes:

• Batwa pygmies – traditional hunters and forest gatherers
• Bakonzo & Bamba – farmers cultivating crops on Rwenzori slopes
• Batuku – pastoralists in the northern park areas

Some Batwa communities, resettled outside the park, demonstrate cultural heritage through dance and storytelling.

6. Birdwatching

Semuliki hosts half the bird species of DR Congo due to its connection with the Ituri Forest. Highlights include African Dwarf Kingfishers, Black-wattled Hornbills, Red-thighed Sparrowhawk, Zenker’s Honeyguides, African Wood Owl, Buff-spotted Flufftail, and many more. Birding spots include the forest, hot springs, and ranger posts.

Best Time to Visit

Open year-round, but dry seasons (April–June & July–September) are ideal for easier navigation and wildlife viewing. The rainy seasons (December–March & October–November) may cause flooding and muddy roads.

How to Reach Semuliki National Park

• By Road: Kampala/Entebbe to Fort Portal – 300 km
  • Shorter route via Mubende: 4–5 hours
  • Longer scenic route via Kasese, Mbarara, and Masaka: 7–8 hours, passing other parks like Queen Elizabeth, Rwenzori, and Lake Mburo
• From Fort Portal: 52 km to park junction; a 4WD vehicle is recommended.
• Public Transport: Taxis from Fort Portal to Bundibugyo; the park office at Ntandi is 5 km from Sempaya gate.

Accommodation

Limited options inside the park. Most visitors stay in Bundibugyo or Fort Portal, with two campsites available near the park gates. Advance booking is recommended, especially for budget accommodations.

Semuliki National Park offers a unique blend of Central African biodiversity, cultural heritage, hot springs, and forest adventures, making it a must-visit destination for birders, hikers, and nature enthusiasts.